Real a democratic tool By Cristian Caram
For The NATION "That goes away all" are a cuestionamiento to the
legitimacy of certain people (the politicians) and ways to make
policy, but that slides towards an opposition to the same concept of
political party. The political parties arise in the world like concomitante
phenomenon with the restoration of the universal suffrage. It is
easy to understand porqué of his appearance: the popular
sectors that obtained access to the world of the public decisions
through the universal vote found the necessity to count on a tool that
allowed them to face elites economic, that they never needed organized
structures to have access to sands of the State. The answer to this necessity was the political parties,
like permanent institutions characterized by the development of a
functional structure able to organize and to direct the will of the
popular sectors and to face, in the formation of the public policies,
to the pressure of the most powerful sectors of the society, and to
translate that will of the electorate in government actions. No country of the world has managed to maintain the
democracy consolidated nor has achieved economic successes in systems
without political parties. The fact to imagine a asambleísmo
permanent as only possible tool takes to think to us about a direct
democracy, which in factual terms (considering that we are 37 million
inhabitants) is impossible to establish. Even in old Greece, it
cradles of the myth of the direct democracy, the government of the
daily questions became through representatives chosen by the assembly
of the town. The representation bond is essential. On the other hand, without political parties only it is
left place for messianic leaders, charismatic patriarchs who come to
put order. However, we try to recreate in our mind a scene of
elections. All the parties that today have parliamentary
representation exist prior to the crisis that finished convincing to a
few that the best thing is than all go away. Therefore,
political force does not exist that is excluded from that reclamation.
Simultaneously, it did not appear no new political party.
It is to anticipate then that as opposed to the lack of
alternatives we return to revivir the "vote quarrel" and that who is
winning is it with their legitimacy to govern wounded of death from a
principle. It is certain that the parties that have occupied the
public scene in the last years have degenerated and turned machineries
for the preservation and multiplication of places in the State.
We must, then, refundar them, returning to equip them with
objectives and political strategies directed to the defense from the
interests with most of the citizens and turning them useful tools to
participate in the fight of interests that constitutes the base of all
political system. To such aims changes must become structural: To establish open, simultaneous and obligatory elections
internal. Reempadronamiento of affiliated. To reduce the amount of the in favor premises to one by
district by each political force. To limit the duration and expenses of the electoral
campaigns. To limit the deprived contributions the parties. To establish a system of audit and control on the
financing of the parties. To facilitate the revocatory one of mandates to those who
fail to fulfill their electoral commitments, having to be these last
explicit ones in writing and publicly. To simplify the way for the creation of new political
parties. To qualify the conformation of ocal political parties. To allow the presentation of independent candidacies. To force the political parties to carry out activities of
qualification of its leaders and militants. In years 50, the French Maurice Duverger wrote that the
political parties have the tendency to maintain their rules of
operation and decision in the shades. Like natural result, this
generates a cupola of leaders of oligarchical cut, who enquistan
themselves as much in the power within the party as within the State,
thanks to the bows that they establish with the cupolas of leaders of
other parties. Thus the political, isolated class of the society
and only related by corporative bonds is born. We must rescue to the political parties but turning them
real democratic tools. We will not leave the crisis eliminating
them. On the contrary, it is moment for fortifying them, and at
the same time to put under them the permanent control of a citizenship
it jeopardize and activates in its public participation. The author is vice-president first of the Buenosairean
Legislature.
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