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The pig production, against the imports The idle capacity of the task plants is of the 70
percent Of the 6000 primary producers that existed in the
90, only they were left 1200 By each million that invoices the
activity stay 60 jobs Historically, the pig production underwent the ups
and downs of a relation consume-product, that per moments encouraged
it and in others, took to situations comprometidas.Sin to it embargo,
until 1992 the internal supply obtains the self-supplying, fulfilling
the necessities of the demand. From then, with the coming of the
globalización, it begins a declining period signed by the import of
raw material and subsidized products, beginning a disloyal competition
that produced bankruptcies in the production and the industry. A technical report (Larroux, Scaffino, Ucelli) shows how
at the beginning of the 90 6000 primary producers existed, 350
chacinados plants of qualified by Senasa and 3, 7 million stock heads,
with 420,000 bristles mothers. Today, in the dawn of the third
millenium, 1200 producers subsist, 170 qualified plants and the stock
fell to 1.8 million heads, with 130,000 bristles mothers. This activity involves 25,000 jobs that contribute their
manual labor distributed of the following way: 9000 in the
primary production, 8000 workers in task and desposte, 6000 in
industrialization and 2000 in direct services. Lamentably, in the last decade 15,000 jobs in the direct
production were lost, that represent 5000 farming families. In
the industry, towards 1998 ends already 10,000 dismissals were
entered, number that surely today is increased. In the
subsidiary activity of the pig, that includes/understands the
manufacturers of parideras, comederos, grinders, of mixer,
racionadores, fleteros and employees of industries of medicines and
feeding, the lost jobs represent the double of the sum of the
production and the industry, that is, 50,000 people. Altogether,
only in this activity, the subsidized import and the disloyal
competition pulverized 75,000 uses. At the moment, the idle capacity of the installed plants
of task comes near to 70 %, the last year was concerned by value of
300 million weights in meat, ready bacon for elaboration and cold cuts
for the consumption. This year is concerned by 14 million
monthly dollars (if the referenciamos to social plans, mean 200,000
per month to $ 200 each one). The total invoicing of the activity in 2002 was of 1500
million weights. That year, the sector contributed for taxes
about 400 million. If we consider the equation that arises to
divide the annual total invoicing by the number of workers and as well
by 1000 hours by person and year, we see that by each million pesos
invoiced in the activity, 60 jobs stay. This turns it the
activity of production that greater amount of manual labor requires by
invoicing unit, very over some other protected industry that does not
arrive at 10 workers by each million. Argentina has comparative advantages in the matter
of grounds, climate, cerealera production, technicians and technology,
genetics, health and even, type of change, that must be translated in
competitive advantages to place to us in front of the countries from
which we concerned merchandises. Nevertheless, the official
disinterestedness to implement political of production protected of
the dumping and subsidies, lead to the bankruptcy, the drainage of
currencies and the increase of leisure. Within the comparative advantages we can enunciate some in
individual, for example: the cost of the heating in countries of
great production, like Canada and Denmark, arrives until 12% of the
total of the production cost; in east Argentina cost does not
have meaning some. Also, of the total cost of production, 75 %
are feeding and in this heading we are one of most efficient of the
world in price, quality and yield. Thus we have yields average
of 75qq/ha in maize, when in Brazil qq/ha is not arrived at the 40. In this heading, the substitution of imports is feasible,
necessary and urgent. Oriented policies to this end long are
waited for by the sector, that for a long time it has fundamentally
been demanding by a plan of repoblación and coherent pig production,
that a minimum of security to the decision grants to invest to return
to be a country that not only contemplates an economy of delayed
regional production, but his social implicancias. By Jorge Guido Ugolini
For The NATION The author is vice-president of the Confederation
of Rural Associations of Santa Fe.
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